Dechlorinator-Sodium-Thiosulfate
Can be bought at Aquatic Eco-Systems.
.SODIUM THIOSULFATE.
Without question, this is the
chemical of choice for insuring the safe and effective neutralization of
chlorine and chloramines is sodium thiosulfate. With over thirty-years of
research, published in reputable scientific journals, scrutinized, and
experimentally duplicated by hundreds of researchers have proven this fact well
beyond any doubt. This chemical can be used at a hundred times the required
dosage without any ill effects to the pond inhabitants. Very few, if any, beneficial
additives can make this claim. Sodium thiosulfate continues to be the only
active ingredient in every effective de-chlorinating product available to the
pond hobbyist and aquaculturist alike.
Each molecule of sodium
thiosulfate neutralizes one molecule of highly toxic chlorine to produce one
molecule of salt (sodium chloride) and two molecules of sulfate. The minuscule
amount of salt and sulfate produced actually improves the electrolyte
constituent of salt and freshwater systems.
Along with its highly beneficial
effectiveness for chloride neutralization, sodium thiosulfate has other
desirable qualities. It also neutralizes cyanide (reference to page 7 to find
out more about cyanide), which naturally accumulates in the pond.
Several years ago it was
discovered that the chlorine added to public water supplies was reacting with
various water contaminants and producing harmful cancer causing compounds. The
addition of chlorine is replaced now with the addition of chloramine.
Chloramine is another biocidal compound composed of one chlorine molecule bound
to one ammonia molecule. Today, in the United States, chloramine has replaced
chlorine in many municipal water supply systems. When sodium thiosulfate is
added to chloramine the chlorine bond is broken and the chlorine neutralized
back into chloride leaving one molecule of ammonia in solution.
In an attempt to eliminate this
new ammonia source, new claims and the addition of new chemicals to the
de-chlorinators resumed. Trying to remove the infinitesimal amount of ammonia
left behind after the neutralization of chloramine is unnecessary. A much
greater amount of ammonia every day is expelled into our pond’s water
immediately after we feed our fish. This burst of released ammonia generally
goes undetected by most hobbyists. Within minutes, the ammonia is eliminated by
the Nitrosomonas in our biological filters. With our fish never being the wiser
to this accomplishment.
The use of chemical additives to
eliminate ammonia is redundant. The only effective way to eliminate ammonia is
with a healthy biological filter. There are some organic chemicals, which will
bind with ammonia resulting in negative ammonia test kit readings.
Unfortunately, the chemical produced (a primary amine: Any organic derivative
of ammonia formed by the replacement of hydrogen with one or more alkyl groups)
is just as toxic to our aquatic animals as the original ammonia was. The
Nitrosomonas bacteria cannot oxidize this chemical. Within 24-hours the
heterotrophic bacteria oxidizes the primary amine; but you will never guess
what is produced – Ammonia! Now you are right back where you started from,
except you have now lost over 24-hours by preventing the Nitrosomonas access to
the ammonia. Just remember you cannot eliminate ammonia with chemicals - you
need nitrifying bacteria or Biocenosis Baskets.
Dechlorinator-Sodium-Thiosulfate
How
To Make Up A Gallon Of Sodium Thiosulfate:
Make a
solution consisting of 4 ounces (1/4 lbs) Sodium Thiosulfate crystals (photo or
technical grade and can be bought from: AQUATIC Ecosystems, Inc.
1-877-347-4788) dissolved in 1 gallon of distilled or deionized water. Use 5 ml
(1 teaspoon) of the solution for each 10 gallons of makeup water to neutralize
up to 3.75-ppm chlorine. One cup can be used for each 500 gallons. (The entire
one-gallon of solution will treat about 7500 gallons of tap water.) The shelf
life of the solution is about six months to a year when stored in a cool
location. The crystals will keep for several years if kept dry.
Anoxic Filtration System ®
February 02-2005-2013
New Updated Version
No comments:
Post a Comment